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Author Jurre
Partaker
#2,596 | Posted: 7 Mar 2026 07:50 
Some more new connections for Kraków:

Connection: Queens and Empresses

Kraków – "Jadwiga (...) was the first female monarch of the Kingdom of Poland, as well as its last hereditary ruler. She reigned from 16 October 1384 until her death. (...) Jadwiga of Poland "was crowned "king" in Poland's capital, Kraków, on 16 October 1384." (Wikipedia)

Connection: Scientific Developments

Kraków – "The first ever liquefaction of oxygen and nitrogen performed by Zygmunt Wróblewski and Karol Olszewski in Kraków" (1883). A memorial plaque on the Collegium Maius commemorates this event. (Wikipedia)

Connection: Second World War

Kraków – "Following the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany in September 1939, the city of Kraków became part of the General Government, a separate administrative region of the Third Reich. On 26 October 1939, the Nazi régime set up Distrikt Krakau, one of four districts within the General Government. On the same day, the city of Kraków became the capital of the administration. The General Government was ruled by Governor-General Hans Frank, who was based in the city's Wawel Castle. (...) In November 1939, during an operation known as Sonderaktion Krakau ('special operation Kraków'), the Germans arrested more than 180 university professors and academics, and sent them to the Sachsenhausen and Dachau concentration camps". (Wikipedia)

Connection: Sgraffito

Kraków – Florian Mokrski Palace: "The courtyard is decorated with sgraffiti décor." (Wikipedia)

Connection: Sieges and Battles

Kraków – Krakow was besieged multiple times: in 1587 by Maximilian III, Archduke of Austria, in 1655 during the Swedish invasion of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and in 1657 during the Deluge. (Wikipedia)

Connection: Sites of Parliament

Kraków – "(...) for most of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance Wawel was the seat of the national government and the Diet" (Wikipedia)

Connection: Treaties

Kraków – "The Treaty of Kraków was signed on 8 April 1525 between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights. It officially ended the Polish–Teutonic War (1519-1521) (...) This was sealed by the Prussian Homage of 10 April 1525" in the Main Square. (Wikipedia)

Connection: Vienna Secession

Kraków – The Palace of Art at the Szczepanski Square in Kraków Old Town "was influenced by the Secession Building in Vienna and is also colloquially known as "Secession" (Secesja)." (Wikipedia)

To be continued...

Author jonathanfr
Partaker
#2,597 | Posted: 7 Mar 2026 08:15 
jonathanfr:
Golestan Palace is damaged

White City of Tel-Aviv is damaged too.

Probably a connection is necessary, different of « during invasion ».

Author Jurre
Partaker
#2,598 | Posted: 7 Mar 2026 08:37 
jonathanfr:
White City of Tel-Aviv is damaged too.

Probably a connection is necessary, different of « during invasion ».

It's already been added under "Damaged in War since WWII".

Author Jurre
Partaker
#2,599 | Posted: 8 Mar 2026 08:23 | Edited by: Jurre 
Let's finish Kraków! We will have gone from 67 connections to 125. That puts Kraków in the top 10 of most connected WHS, I think.

Connection: Works by Nobel Prize winning authors

Kraków – Henryk Sienkiewicz (1905) – "On the Field of Glory" (Na Polu Chwaly) (Wikipedia)

---

Already existing, but changing the rationale

Connection: Historical Cafés

Kraków – Jama Michalika (Wikipedia)

--> The current rationale is in French, with a dead link. I propose to use the Polish name of the café, with a live link to Wikipedia.

The end.

Author elsslots
Admin
#2,600 | Posted: 8 Mar 2026 09:41 
Jurre:
Let's finish Kraków! We will have gone from 67 connections to 125

Those European city centers always deliver!

Author Jurre
Partaker
#2,601 | Posted: 8 Mar 2026 10:44 
Jurre:
Connection: Hitler was here

Funerary and memory sites of the First World War – During World War II, Adolf Hitler visited the Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof Langemark to honor the heroes of the time. (Wikipedia)

Update of the connection:

Connection: Hitler was here

Funerary and memory sites of the First World War – During World War II, Adolf Hitler visited the Deutscher Soldatenfriedhof Langemark to honor the heroes of the time. (Wikipedia) - Canadian National Vimy Memorial: "To demonstrate the memorial had not been desecrated, Adolf Hitler, who reportedly admired the memorial for its peaceful nature, was photographed by the press while personally touring it and the preserved trenches on 2 June 1940." (Wikipedia) (Photo)

Author elsslots
Admin
#2,602 | Posted: 8 Mar 2026 12:40 | Edited by: elsslots 
Jurre:
That puts Kraków in the top 10 of most connected WHS, I think.

Top 13 (100 connections or more)
Rome 200
Paris, Banks of the Seine 181
Venice and its Lagoon 152
Florence 148
Vienna 139
Old City of Jerusalem 137
Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France 128
St. Petersburg 128
Kraków 125
Istanbul 112
Prague 111
Great Spa Towns of Europe 108
Ferrara 106

Lowest (less than 10 connections):
Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland 9
Sao Francisco Square 9
Kaiping Diaolou 9
Jantar Mantar 9
Ajanta Caves 9
Trebic 9
Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains 9
Kladruby nad Labem 9
Choirokoitia 9
Chengjiang Fossil Site 9
Rock Paintings of the Sierra de San Francisco 9
Caves and Ice Age Art 9
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka 9
Castel del Monte 9
Wixarika Route 9
Boyana Church 9
Turaif Quarter 9
Australian Fossil Mammal Sites 9
Stecci 9
Sudanese style mosques 9
Bom Jesus do Congonhas 9
Tiya 9
Gedeo Cultural landscape 9
Madara Rider 9
Monastery of Horezu 9
Hospicio Cabanas 8
Jodensavanne 8
Leon Cathedral 8
Memorial Sites of Genocide 8
Kalwaria Zebrzydowska 8
Par force hunting landscape 8
Minoan Palatial Centres 8
Ancient Khuttal 7
Palmeral of Elche 7
Rock Paintings of Shulgan-Tash Cave 7
Churches of Moldavia 7
Maratha Military Landscapes 4
Murujuga Cultural Landscape 4

Author Jurre
Partaker
#2,603 | Posted: 9 Mar 2026 23:39 | Edited by: Jurre 
Update of the connections:

Connection: Contains significant structures from the 21st Century

Funerary and memory sites of the First World War – AR06 Fromelles (Pheasant Wood) was built in 2010 – The "Anneau de la mémoire" at the site of Notre-Dame-de-Lorette was inaugurated on 11 November 2014. (Wikipedia)

Connection: Reinforced Concrete

Funerary and memory sites of the First World War – Fort de Douaumont: "with two subterranean levels protected by a steel reinforced concrete roof 12 m (13 yd) thick resting on a sand cushion" (wiki) – Canadian National Vimy Memorial: "A foundation bed of 11,000 tonnes of concrete, reinforced with hundreds of tonnes of steel, served as the support bed for the memorial." (Wikipedia) – Notre Dame de Lorette: "The freestanding lantern tower (...) is of reinforced concrete faced with reconstructed stone with a limestone appearance." (Wikipedia)

Author Jurre
Partaker
#2,604 | Posted: 11 Mar 2026 21:59 
New connection proposal, tying in with the World War I-a-thon:

Connection: King Albert I of Belgium

Definition: Albert I (1875 – 1934) was King of the Belgians from 1909 until his death in 1934. He is popularly referred to as the Knight King or Soldier King in Belgium in reference to his role during World War I. (Wikipedia)

Belfries – Ypres Cloth hall: "The niches (...) in the centre contain statues of (...) King Albert I and Queen Elisabeth, under whose reign the reconstruction began." (Wikipedia)

Funerary and memory sites of the First World War – The Memorial Monument at the Loncin Fort was inaugurated by King Albert I in 1923. (Wikipedia) – A statue of King Albert I faces the Belgian tombs at the cemetery of Robermont. (Wikipedia)

Nice – The Jardin Albert-Ier is named after King Albert I of Belgium, as an homage to his resistance to the German army. (Wikipedia)

Virunga National Park – "Albert was a committed conservationist and in 1925, influenced by the ideas of Carl E. Akeley, he founded Africa's first national park, now known as Virunga National Park, in what is now Democratic Republic of Congo." (Wikipedia)

Author JanWillem
Partaker
#2,605 | Posted: 11 Mar 2026 23:26 
Suggestions for the Refugium connection: Vatnajökull National Park and Thingvellir.

The nomination file for Vatnajökull gives the example of two endemic species of amphipod that were found in Icelandic springs in Herðubreiðarlindir, the northern part of the Vatnajökull core zone, as well as in Lake Þingvallavatn (Sifra rift) in Thingvellir National Park. Reference is given to (among others) this article: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04663.x.

Been also thinking about the Last Ice Age connection. I interpret that you aim for a direct physical connection with the ice sheets that advanced from the polar regions, and therefore other WHS - that may also be thanking their OUV (in part) to glaciation during the Last Ice Age - are not part of this connection? WHS such as Glacier parks, Los Glaciares and Yosemite National Park. Is that a correct assumption?

Author elsslots
Admin
#2,606 | Posted: 12 Mar 2026 10:25 
JanWillem:
Been also thinking about the Last Ice Age connection. I interpret that you aim for a direct physical connection with the ice sheets that advanced from the polar regions, and therefore other WHS - that may also be thanking their OUV (in part) to glaciation during the Last Ice Age - are not part of this connection? WHS such as Glacier parks, Los Glaciares and Yosemite National Park. Is that a correct assumption?

It was meant as a geological connection, so where the Last Ice Age events left a lasting impact on the shape of the earth. And it must be part of the OUV. It would not include "normal glaciation". But the description can be improved, I was/am also not sure about the exact boundaries

Author Solivagant
Partaker
#2,607 | Posted: 12 Mar 2026 11:10 | Edited by: Solivagant 
elsslots:
It was meant as a geological connection, so where the Last Ice Age events left a lasting impact on the shape of the earth. And it must be part of the OUV.

If the definition has these 2 aspects ....Geological AND OUV mention then only sites inscribed under Crit viii could even be considered ("outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features")....so that excludes for instance the Lake District which only exists because of the Ice Age but doesn't claim Crit viii .... but includes for instance The Everglades which does claim Crit viii but only received the indirect impact of the end of the Ice Age in the form of Sea Level rise but was never near any Glaciers.....

There are 100 WHS whose inscription criteria include viii..... but how to identify and decide.... do we just use the almost random presence or otherwise of the words "Ice Age"??? OUV statements are neither objective nor scientifically complete - We had this same problem recently regarding another Connection and linkage to its OUV.

Then there is the use or not of the words "Ice Age"..... if I look at, for instance Los Glaciares it includes Crit viii and the statement for it is about as "Glacier full" as one could hope for!!!! "Los Glaciares National Park is an excellent example of the significant process of glaciation, as well as of geological, geomorphic and physiographic phenomena caused by the ongoing advance and retreat of the glaciations that took place during the Pleistocene epoch in the Quaternary period, and the neoglaciations corresponding to the current epoch or Holocene. These events have modelled – and continue to model the landscape of the area and may be recognised by the lacustrine basins of glacial origin, the moraine systems deposited on the plateaux, or by more recent systems pertaining to the current valleys, and, the many large glacier tongues fed by the Ice Fields of the Andes. The property also provides fertile ground for scientific research on climatechange."... but it doesn't include the words "ice age".

Apparently the word "Quaternary" includes the current Holocene whilst the word "Pleistocene" does not - with both starting c2.58 million years ago. So - What is meant by the "Last Ice Age"- the entire Pleistocene from 2.5 million years ago until 11700 years ago .... or until today.... or? The West Norwegian Fjords has in its Crit viii "The property displays a full range of the inner segments of two of the world's longest and deepest fjords, and provides well-developed examples of young, active glaciation during the Pleistocene ice age" ..... in or out???

Author dana144
Partaker
#2,608 | Posted: 14 Mar 2026 08:09 
Still some more "WHS within walking distance" connections (Bordeaux and Arras) :

Bordeaux : "WHS within walking distance : The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier (Cité Frugès) ; Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France (Basilique Saint-Michel, Cathédrale Saint-André, Basilique Saint-Seurin)"

Justification : Cité Frugès is 8 kms away from the center of Bordeaux and the 3 components of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela are also in the center.

Modify the text for the connections 

The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier to "Maison Guiette: Antwerp; Maisons La Roche et Jeanneret : Paris; Basilique Saint-Michel, Cathédrale Saint-André, Basilique Saint-Seurin : Bordeaux"

Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France to "Amiens: walk from the front entrance of Amiens Cathedral; Paris: to Tour Saint Jacques; Bordeaux: Basilique Saint-Michel, Cathédrale Saint-André, Basilique Saint-Seurin"

At Arras : inside the city is the "Faubourg D'amiens Cemetery" (Funerary and memory sites of the First World War), the "Belfry of Arras" (Belfries) and "La citadelle d'Arras" (Fortifications of Vauban). The walk to see all of them is only 3 km. 

Fortifications of Vauban : "La citadelle d'Arras : WHS within walking distance are "Belfry of Arras" (Belfries) and "Faubourg d'Amiens Cemetery" (Funerary and memory sites of the First World War)

Belfries : Modify to "Amiens: Walk from the front entrance of Amiens Cathedral; Antwerp: Stadthuis and/or Cathedral; Brugge: Walk from Brugge city center. Plus Mons Belfry with WWI memorials St Symphorien Cemetery and Spiennes Flint Mines. Also Belfry of Arras with Faubourg d'Amiens Cemetery (WWI funerary and memory sites) and Citadelle d'Arras (Fortifications of Vauban)"

Funerary and memory sites of the First World War : modify to "WWI memorials St Symphorien Cemetery, Spiennes Flint Mines and Mons Belfry: around 9.5kms. Also Faubourg d'Amiens Cemetery with Citadelle d'Arras (Fortifications of Vauban) and Belfry of Arras."

Author Jurre
Partaker
#2,609 | Posted: 15 Mar 2026 09:31 
Connection: Europa Nostra Award

Belfries – Antwerp City Hall (2025 Prize for Conservation and Adaptive Reuse) (Link)

Author Jurre
Partaker
#2,610 | Posted: 15 Mar 2026 23:16 
Working on some new connections for the Funerary and memory sites of the First World War. But in the meantime, here are some new connections for Lalibela.

Connection: Catacombs

Lalibela – "This gigantic work was further completed with (...) ceremonial passages, some with openings to hermit caves and catacombs." (OUV)

Connection: Cave Temples or Churches

Lalibela – "The 11 medieval monolithic cave churches of this 13th-century 'New Jerusalem' are situated in a mountainous region in the heart of Ethiopia (...)." (Official description)

Connection: Coptic Orthodox Church

Lalibela – "These exceptional churches have been the focus of pilgrimage for Coptic Christians since the 12th century." (OUV)

Connection: Damaged in War since WWII

Lalibela – Biete Amanuel: The civil and regional wars of the late 20th century left numerous bullet holes in its walls. (Wikipedia)

Connection: Destroyed or damaged by Earthquake

Lalibela – Biete Qeddus Mercoreus partially collapsed during an earthquake in the 16th century. (Wikipedia)

Connection: Earth Architecture

Lalibela – "In a 1970 report of the historic dwellings of Lalibela, Sandro Angelini evaluated the vernacular earthen architecture on the Lalibela World Heritage Site, including the characteristics of the traditional earth houses and analysis of their state of conservation. His report described two types of vernacular housing found in the area. (...) The second are the single-story "chika" buildings which are round and built of earth and wattle, which he feels reflects more "scarcity"." (Wikipedia)

To be continued...

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