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Connections for the new WHS of 2025

 
 
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Author elsslots
Admin
#1 | Posted: 2 Jun 2025 12:12 | Edited by: elsslots 
We did it last year also and that worked well - gather a first set of connections for each new WHS from 2025 before the session starts.
Maybe start with the ones that have received an Inscription advice.

Please post them here and not in the general thread.

Africa (5)
- Diy-Gid-Biy Cultural Landscape of the Mandara Mountains (Cameroon) Inscribe DONE
- Coastal and Marine Ecosystems of the Bijagos Archipelago (Guinea-Bissau) Inscribe DONE
- Maputo National Park [significant boundary modification of "iSimangaliso Wetland Park" (Mozambique) Inscribe
- Gola-Tiwai Complex (Sierra Leone) Inscribe DONE

Asia and the Pacific (13)
- Xixia Imperial Tombs (China) Inscribe DONE
- Cambodian Memorial Sites: From centres of repression to places of peace and reflection (Cambodia) Inscribe DONE
- Mt. Kumgang - Diamond Mountain from the Sea (DPRK) Inscribe DONE
- Prehistoric Caves and Falak-ol-Aflak Ensemble of Khorramabad Valley (Iran) Inscribe DONE
- Petroglyphs along the Bangucheon Stream (Korea) Inscribe DONE
- Hin Nam No National Park [extension] (Laos) Inscribe

Europe and North America (9)
- The Megaliths of Carnac and the Shores of Morbihan (France) Inscribe DONE
- The Palaces of King Ludwig II of Bavaria: Neuschwanstein, Linderhof, Schachen and Herrenchiemsee – From Dreams to Reality (Germany) Inscribe DONE
- Rock Paintings of Shulgan-Tash Cave (Russia) Inscribe DONE
- Sardis and the Lydian Tumuli of Bin Tepe (Türkiye) Inscribe DONE

Latin America and the Caribbean (3)
- The Archaeological Landscape of 17th Century Port Royal (Jamaica) Inscribe DONE
- Huichol Route through Sacred Sites to Huiricuta (Tatehuari Huajuye) (Mexico) Inscribe DONE
- The Colonial Transisthmian Route of Panamá (Panama) Inscribe

Author elsslots
Admin
#2 | Posted: 2 Jun 2025 12:13 
Copying as a reminder, for Izmir Hotspot

csarica:
7) Sardis: There are some infrequent direct buses to village Sart (1.15 min) or more frequent buses to Salihli (1.20 min) and local dolmus from Salihli to Sart (15 min)


Author winterkjm
Partaker
#3 | Posted: 2 Jun 2025 15:59 | Edited by: winterkjm 
Mt Kumgang (DPRK)

Damaged in War Since WWII
"During the Korean War (1950-1953) many Buddhist temples and hermitages were lost or severely damaged." - AB Evaluation

Guided Tour Only
"All visits to the site are guided and strictly controlled." - IUCN Evaluation "All visitors must be accompanied by guides, including Buddhists who visit for religious purposes. The maximum number of tourists in a tour group is fifty. The tour guides are responsible for the safety of the visitors and for the provision of information." - AB Evaluation

Sacred Mountain
"In addition to its scenic beauty, Mount Kumgang is considered to be an important sacred mountain within the Buddhist world." - AB Evaluation

Cretaceous
"The underlying geology of Mt. Kumgang is dominated by the Mesozoic Cretaceous Kumgansan granite batholith (92-112 million years old)." - IUCN Evaluation

Built in the 6th Century
"The nominated property includes Buddhist temples and hermitage sites dating from the 6th to the 20th century." - AB Evaluation

On Banknotes
5 Won - 1978. Mount Gumgang
1 Won - 1992. Mount Gumgang

Three Kingdoms of Korea
Of the 'Four Great Temples of Mount Kumgang' 3 were founded by Silla, one under Goguryeo "The temples within the nominated property were established in the 6th and 7th century CE, namely the Phyohun Temple (670), Jongyang Temple (600), Singye Temple (519), Podok Hermitage (627) and Pulji Hermitage (666)." - AB Evaluation

Goryeo
Myogilsang Buddhist Statue (15m high), is the 102nd national treasure of North Korea "The 14th century Myogilsang and Sambul Rock feature some of the largest Buddha sculptures in the Korean Peninsula." - AB Evaluation

Fusion
"Many of the historic sites, scenic spots and stone calligraphy also reflect a fusion of Buddhism with Taoism and local indigenous beliefs. Mount Kumgang is an associative cultural landscape where there is a complex and intertwined relationship between the distinctive landforms and scenery, and the long history of Buddhism, pilgrimage and traditions of mountain worship in the Korean peninsula." - AB Evaluation

Taoism
"Some of the cultural heritage attributes also contain evidence of the intermingling of Buddhism with Taoism and local spirituality, such as mountain gods, the Great Bear, and wild animals." - AB Evaluation

Rock Cut Architecture
"The 14th century Myogilsang and Sambul Rock feature some of the largest Buddha sculptures in the Korean Peninsula." - AB Evaluation

Stelae
"The stele and stupa of Sosan, a key figure in the history of Korean Buddhism from the 17th century is also found within the nominated property." - AB Evaluation

Named After a Mountain
"Mount Kumgang (or "Diamond Mountain") is a mountainous landscape which is nominated for its cultural and natural heritage values." - AB Evaluation

World Biosphere Reserve
"Mount Kumgang was designated as a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 2018." - AB Evaluation

Mixed and Cultural Landscape
Associative CL "Mount Kumgang is an associative cultural landscape where there is a complex and intertwined relationship between the distinctive landforms and scenery, and the long history of Buddhism, pilgrimage and traditions of mountain worship in the Korean peninsula." - AB Evaluation

Potential Transboundary Sites
Seoraksan National Park (Republic of Korea)

Lagoons
"Although there are relatively few potential attributes in component part 002 (Samil Lagoon), historical texts indicate that the area has been a popular place for Buddhist practices, and the Mongchon hermitage site has functional links to the Buddhist sites in component part 001." - AB Evaluation

Poetic Quotations
"This area is also the place where Yang Sa On (1517-1584), one of the three most famous calligraphers of the Korean Peninsula, practised his calligraphy. He left his poem praising the beauty of Samil Lagoon carved on the rock next to the place where he practised his calligraphy." - AB Evaluation "He was fond of landscapes of a Taoist mood like Geumgangsan Mountain and loathed mundane constraints." - KHS 'Calligraphy of Yang Sa Eon'

Literature
"The landscape setting of steep granite peaks, rock formations, waterfalls and pools are integral to the long traditions of Buddhist pilgrimage, and the many famed literary and artistic representations of Mount Kumgang. The intangible cultural heritage of this landscape is further reflected in the naming of key features, poems and folk tales." - AB Evaluation

Granite Rock Formations
"The landscape setting of steep granite peaks, rock formations, waterfalls and pools are integral to the long traditions of Buddhist pilgrimage, and the many famed literary and artistic representations of Mount Kumgang." - AB Evaluation

Legends and Folk Myths
Numerous tales about "Tigers of the Kumgang Mountains" "Mount Kumgang is a place associated with mountain legends and fairy tales, folk songs, poems, and drawings, including works of many famous writers and artists." - AB Evaluation

Upstream Process - 2018

Sea of Japan
"Uninterrupted vistas from Mt. Kumgang's ridgetops to the coastline attest to the intimate relationship of the property to the sea." - IUCN Evaluation

Pagoda
Silla-dynasty stone pagoda at Singye Temple "There are three 9th century stone pagodas within the nominated property." - AB Evaluation

Wooden Architecture
"Wooden structures such as the Phyohun Temple, Jongyang Temple, Podok Hermitage, Pulji Hermitage, and Chilsong Shrine of Mahayon Buddhist School site exhibit a high degree of authenticity in relation to the proposed Outstanding Universal Value." - AB Evaluation

Visual Effects of Cloud, Fog, and Mist
"The mountain's dramatic impact is enhanced through constantly changing weather patterns of mists, rain, sunshine and clouds. The property's arresting landscapes are further transformed by each of the four seasons." - IUCN Evaluation

Bird Migrations
"Parts of the nominated property also play an important role as part of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway for migratory shorebirds." - IUCN Evaluation

Women Explorers
Isabella Bird claimed to be the first European Women to visit Mount Kumgang during her extensive visit in 1894 and is believed to have coined the term 'Diamond Mountain'. She visited the Four Great Temples of Mount Kumgang during a multi-day journey. "The first European woman to visit the Keum-Kang San being regarded as a great sight and from early morning till late at night there was no rest." - published in 'Korea and her Neighbours', a narrative of travel, with an account of the vicissitudes and position of the country Chapter 11 Diamond Mountain Monasteries Pg. 133 - 149

Isabella Bird
Bird is believed to have coined (or popularized) the phrase Diamond Mountain "From the spirit shrine on the summit a lovely panorama unfolds itself, billows of hilly woodland, gleams of water, wavy outlines of hills, backed by a jagged mountain wall, attaining an altitude of over 6,000 feet in the loftiest pinnacle of the Keum-Kang San. A fair land of promise, truly! But this pass is a rubicon to him who seeks the Diamond Mountain with the intention of immuring himself for life in one of its many monasteries. A description can be only a catalogue. The actuality was intoxicating, a canyon on the grandest scale, with every element of beauty present. Towards evening "The hills swung open to the light"; through the parting branches there were glimpses of granite walls and peaks reddening into glory; red stems, glowing in the slant sunbeams, lighted up the blue gloom of the coniferæ; there were glints of foam from the loud-tongued torrent below; the dew fell heavily, laden with aromatic odors of pines, and as the valley narrowed again and the blue shadows fell the picture was as fair as one could hope to see. On that enchanting May evening, when odors of paradise, the fragrant breath of a million flowering shrubs and trailers, of bursting buds, and unfolding ferns, rose into the cool dewy air, and the silence could be felt, I was not inclined to enter a protest against Korean exaggeration on the ground that the number of peaks is probably nearer 1,200 than 12,000." - published in 'Korea and her Neighbours', a narrative of travel, with an account of the vicissitudes and position of the country Chapter 11 Diamond Mountain Monasteries Pg. 133 - 149

Homer Hulbert
"The most famous monasteries in Korea are those in Diamond Mountain, a cluster of peaks near the central eastern part of the peninsula. They are celebrated even in China, and thousands of pilgrims have sought for merit by dragging their weary limbs all the way to this holy place. Several flourishing monasteries are passed on the way up the steep valley, for here, if nowhere else, Buddhism seems to have some show of vitality left." "The Passing of Korea" pg. 292-293

Continued . . .

Author winterkjm
Partaker
#4 | Posted: 2 Jun 2025 16:09 | Edited by: winterkjm 
Last one for Mount Kumgang!

Honey Collection
"Although some traditional land use practices are briefly mentioned (such as agriculture, honey collection, medicinal herbs and mineral water), ICOMOS does not consider that this is represented within the nominated property in an exceptional way." - AB Evaluation - Account of Isabella Bird 1894 "There I had to eat a second ethereal meal, and the hospitable hostess forced on me a pot of exquisite honey and a bag of pine nuts. The honey is also locally produced. The beehives, which usually stand two together in cavities in the rocks." - published in 'Korea and her Neighbours', a narrative of travel, with an account of the vicissitudes and position of the country Chapter 11 Diamond Mountain Monasteries Pg. 133 - 149

Now onto South Korea's inscription . . .

Petroglyphs along the Bangucheon Stream (Republic of Korea)

Gyeongju Hotspot
The Ulsan Petroglyph Museum is about 30 kilometers from Gyeongju

Built in the Fifth Millenium BC
"The petroglyphs of the nominated property show a wide range of images engraved by successive generations of local artists, using stone and metal tools, spanning both the prehistoric and historic eras, from 5,000 BCE to the ninth century CE." - AB Evaluation

Neolithic Age
"These various images and inscriptions are an exceptional demonstration of this long tradition of rock engraving, extending from the Neolithic period through the Bronze Age and up to the Silla period." - AB Evaluation

Bronze Age
"These various images and inscriptions are an exceptional demonstration of this long tradition of rock engraving, extending from the Neolithic period through the Bronze Age and up to the Silla period." - AB Evaluation

Three Kingdoms of Korea
"This rock carving tradition was continued by Bronze Age farmers and then by members of the ancient Silla kingdom." - AB Evaluation "A total of 127 characters carved with sharp-pointed metal tools from the Silla period have been confirmed in the Cheonjeon-ri Petroglyphs. The characters are recorded in Chinese ideographic characters. The composition of the characters mainly records when, who, and why they came here. In particular, the inscription from the reign of King Beopheung of Silla (514 - 540) is engraved, so it is considered an important resource for the study of ancient history. - official website

Recently Discovered
"These rock panels were discovered in 1970 and 1971." - AB Evaluation

'Threatened' by Dams
"Since the construction of the Sayeon Dam in 1965, the site has been almost completely submerged every year. Before 2013, it was submerged for an average of 151 days per year, raising serious concerns among many stakeholders, in Korea and beyond, about the effects on the site. In 2014, in response to these concerns, the government decided to artificially lower the water level of the Sayeon Dam to 48 metres. Since then, the site has been submerged for 42 days per year on average, which is a significant improvement. However, the threat to its conservation remains significant. The redevelopment of the Sayeon Dam, and the ability to mitigate flood water flows using the dam, will guarantee long-term protection for the Outstanding Universal Value of the nominated property." - AB Evaluation

Hunter-Gatherers
"The practice of rock carving in the Bangucheon region was initiated by hunter-gatherers during the Neolithic period. This rock carving tradition was continued by Bronze Age farmers and then by members of the ancient Silla kingdom." - AB Evaluation

On Passports
Released 2021 (Bangudae Petroglyphs in Daegok-ri, Ulju) pages 1-2

Cultural WHS set within an IUCN recognized protected area
Daegok Dam IUCN Category IV (Water Source Protection Area)

Dragon
Petroglyphs of Cheonjeon-ri "The lower part of the rock surface includes incised images and characters from the Silla Dynasty. These include depictions of a royal parade, sailing ships, horses, dragons, and, notably, the inscription of the historical record of King Beopheung of the Silla Dynasty. This inscription is considered a valuable resource for ancient historical research." - official website

Petroglyphs
"The Cheonjeon-ri Petroglyphs are distributed on a rock surface 9.8 meters long and 2.7 meters high, located two kilometres upstream from Daegok-ri. Cheonjeon-ri has petroglyphs that are relatively different from those of Daegok-ri, and include nearly 625 elements, mainly geometric patterns such as diamonds, concentric circles and zig-zags, as well as Chinese characters. - AB Evaluation

Stand alone Rock Reliefs
"The Daegok-ri panel is the largest rock art site on the Korean Peninsula, at over 30 metres in length. Within this pictorial grouping, 312 petroglyphic figures have been identified. These include 16 anthropomorphic figures, 69 representations of marine animals and 108 land animals. There are also depictions of boats and various tools, including images of nets and other fishing-related tools. The level of detail of the depictions of animals, both aquatic and land-based, enable the precise species of each animal to be discerned. The whales and stages of whaling depicted in the nominated property illustrate marine fishing practices in prehistoric East Asia." - AB Evaluation

Protective Engineering Works against Flooding
"ICOMOS considers that the main factor affecting the nominated property is the annual flooding of the Daegok-ri panel. The central government has committed $47.2 million to widen the spillway and install new 47- metre-high gates. The evacuation tower will also be strengthened and upgraded to bring the dam into compliance with modern earthquake resistance standards." - AB Evaluation

Cultural Sites Connected to Cliffs
"The property is located along the Bangucheon Stream on the south-eastern coast of the Korean Peninsula. It extends for approximately three kilometres along this meandering waterway, in a landscape of stratified cliffs. Within this specific setting, there are two rock panels with remarkable concentrations of petroglyphs namely, the Daegok-ri Petroglyphs and the Cheonjeon-ri Petroglyphs." - AB Evaluation

Author Jurre
Partaker
#5 | Posted: 2 Jun 2025 22:25 | Edited by: Jurre 
The Megaliths of Carnac and the Shores of Morbihan (France)

Connection: Atlantic Ocean – "The monumental stone structures of different types (...) testify to the occupation of the European Atlantic Coast by societies that developed a complex relationship to their natural environment." The boundaries of the core zone border the Atlantic Ocean. (AB Ev)

Connection: Bronze Age – "(...) monuments were often reused, or new funerary structures inserted into the older ones. New forms of tombs developed in the Bronze Age." (AB Ev)

Connection: Cycoliths (Stone circles) – "A variety of monumental stone structures, such as menhirs, standing stone (or stelae) alignments, stone circles, cairns, and tombs of different types covered by tumuli or simple mounds, were constructed in specific locations, in relation to the topographical features and the spatial and visual interconnections between the megaliths themselves." (AB Ev)

Connection: Estuary – Component part 3: Three rivers confluence is "[c]entred on the estuary at the mouth of rivers Auray, Vannes and Noyalo, whose valleys are today largely submerged (...)." (AB Ev)

Connection: Legends and Folk Myths – "In the Middle Ages, myths and folk tales emerged around megaliths (...)." (AB Ev)

Connection: Megalithism – "The nominated serial property consists of four component parts which encompass a high density of megalithic structures showcasing Neolithic monumental architecture (...)." (AB Ev)

Connection: Neolithic age – "The nominated serial property consists of four component parts which encompass a high density of megalithic structures showcasing Neolithic monumental architecture which was erected successively over more than two millennia (from approximately 5000 to 2300 BCE) (...)." - "The megalithic phenomenon in Brittany ceased with the end of the Neolithic period." (AB Ev)

Connection: Petroglyphs – "A rich repertoire of parietal art engraved on stone slabs complemented this megalithic architecture." - "Some 158 engraved stones with a variety of representations of real objects, animals, as well as abstract forms have been documented in the nominated property. Besides their decorative purpose, the engravings were possibly part of a symbolic iconographic system. The engraved tomb walls are largely the result of earlier engraved standing stones being reused in the later funerary constructions." (AB Ev)

Connection: Stelae – "A variety of monumental stone structures, such as menhirs, standing stone (or stelae) alignments, stone circles, cairns, and tombs of different types covered by tumuli or simple mounds, were constructed in specific locations, in relation to the topographical features and the spatial and visual interconnections between the megaliths themselves." - "Revived partly in the Iron Age, megalithism of that period features specifically Gallic stelae." (AB Ev)

Connection: Tumuli – "A variety of monumental stone structures, such as menhirs, standing stone (or stelae) alignments, stone circles, cairns, and tombs of different types covered by tumuli or simple mounds, were constructed in specific locations, in relation to the topographical features and the spatial and visual interconnections between the megaliths themselves." (AB Ev)

To be continued...

Author kintante
Partaker
#6 | Posted: 3 Jun 2025 12:46 
I found following connections for the Ludwig castles:

Neoclassical architecture
Wooden architecture - Schachen is a mainly wooden structure
Unfinished constructions - Neuschwanstein and Herrenchiemsee are unfinished
Alps - Schachen is clearly in the Alps. Linderhof and Neuschwanstein at the border of the Alps
Second World War (not sure about that one) - Neuschwanstein was used as a depot for stolen artwork from France
Richard Wagner - A room in Neuschwanstein is dedicated to Richard Wagner
In Disney and Pixar Animation Classics - Neuschwanstein is the inspiration for the Disney castle
Built in the 19th Century
Depicted in the Ravensburger World Wide Series - Schloss Linderhof
One million visitors or more - Neuschwanstein has around 1.3 Million visitors per year
Replica in Legoland - Neuschwanstein in Legoland Germany
Guided Tour Only - Neuschwanstein, Linderhof and Herrenchiemsee can only be visited with a guided tour
Bavaria hotspot - around 2h drive from Munich

Author elsslots
Admin
#7 | Posted: 3 Jun 2025 15:25 
kintante:
I found following connections for the Ludwig castles:

Another one for these just came in: Modern Board Games - "The Palaces of King Ludwig II of Bavaria: Neuschwanstein, Linderhof, Schachen and Herrenchiemsee - Castles of Mad King Ludwig (2014) - although you might only be building _a_ generic castle for him, not strictly one of the three in the potential WHS"

Author Assif
Partaker
#8 | Posted: 3 Jun 2025 21:31 | Edited by: Assif 
Shulgan-Tash:
Recorded cultural discoveries - Alexander Ryumin (1959)
Palaeolithic and mesolithic - "A. V. Ryumin correctly determined the time of creating the drawings as the Paleolithic." (official description)
"Cave man" sites
Untranslated toponyms - The name "Shulgantash" comes from the Bashkir language. "Tash" in translation - a stone, and Shulgan - a river that flows into the White near the entrance to the cave. In addition, Shulgan - the character of the Bashkir epic "Ural-Batyr, the younger brother of the protagonist - lord of the underworld. (Russian Wikipedia)

First inscriptions - Gola Tiwai and Bigajos
Country gained extra WHS by an extension - Maputu and Hin Nam No
Extended - same
Postponed sites- Mt Kumang
Memories of recent conflicts - Cambodian memorial sites

Author Jurre
Partaker
#9 | Posted: 3 Jun 2025 22:09 
The Megaliths of Carnac and the Shores of Morbihan (France)

Connection: Archaeological potential – "While new structures keep being found, many of the identified sites have never been excavated." - "The boundaries correspond to the full extent of the known megalithic phenomenon in the region, including areas that might carry future archaeological potential (...)." - "The boundaries correspond to the full extent of the known megalithic phenomenon in the region, including areas that might carry future archaeological potential (...)." (AB Ev)

Connection: Damaged in World War II – "The Second World War left a particular mark on the nominated property due to the construction of the Atlantic Wall, which had a major impact on some of the structures, in particular for the Er Gadoueric dolmen in Erdeven and the dolmen at the pointe Men er Bellec in Saint-Philibert (both in the buffer zone), as well as the cairn of Petit Mont in Arzon (component part 3)." (AB Ev)

Connection: Early Archaeology – "Scientific archaeological excavations of the megalithic sites have been undertaken since the second half of the 19th century and continue to this day." (AB Ev)

Connection: Reconstruction regarded as unsatisfactory by UNESCO or ICOMOS – "Some restoration interventions from the 1980s are today considered inappropriate or do not allow to differentiate between the original material and the reconstruction (as in the cairn of Gavrinis, Table-des-Marchands dolmen and cairn of Petit Mont, in component part 3)." (AB Ev)

Connection: Underwater Archaeology – "Part of the nominated property is currently submerged and thus within the maritime public domain." (AB Ev)

Author Durian
Partaker
#10 | Posted: 5 Jun 2025 05:20 | Edited by: Durian 
Cambodia Memorial Sites

Located in a Capital City : Phnom Penh
Memory of the World : Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum's archives
Inscribed on a single criterion only
WHS inscribed solely on criteria VI
Thanatourist destination
Memories of recent conflict
Prison : S21 Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum
Protective Shelter : in Choeung Ek to protect part of excavated mass grave
Pagoda : in Choeung Ek to keep more than 5,000 skulls of the victims placed in the stupa
Historical Event : Cambodian Genocide
Cemetaries : Mass graves
Built in the 20th Century
Contain significant structure from the 20th Century
Notable Trees : The Execution Tree or the Killing Tree, the tree at Choeung Ek Khmer Rouge used to murder babies and children
Communism : Communist group known as the Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot
Geomancy : Choeung Ek was a Chinese Cemetery that was selected under Feng Shui
Cold War : part of communism spreading in SE Asia
Foreigner prices : Free for locals and $5.00 for foreigner
Mekong Basin : Located in Phnom Penh which is in Mekong Basin and Choeung Ek was part of flood plain of Mekong
Epic Subtitles : From centres of repression to places of peace and reflection
Peace : hold the word "Peace" in official name

Author Jurre
Partaker
#11 | Posted: 8 Jun 2025 18:55 
Diy-Gid-Biy Cultural Landscape of the Mandara Mountains (Cameroon)

Connection: Ancestor Worship – "The DGB ruins are actively used by the Mafa, who regard them as sanctuaries inhabited by the spirits of their ancestors and use them as sacrificial and ritual sites." – "There are also tombs, associated with a specific ceremony that testifies to the attachment of the communities to ancestor worship, which are shaped according to the status of the deceased." (Ab Ev)

Connection: Dry Stone Construction – "The Diy-Gid-Biy Cultural Landscape of the Mandara Mountains is a unique testament to a now-vanished civilisation, which created a remarkable dry-stone architecture, organised into terraces, that is very rare in sub-Saharan Africa." – "The ruins are dry-stone architectural structures (i.e. without mortar) built with stones of various types (granite, basalt, quartz, etc.) taken from their immediate surroundings." (Ab Ev)

Connection: Man-made Terraces – "The Diy-Gid-Biy Cultural Landscape of the Mandara Mountains (...) is organised, in the form of terraces, around a group of sixteen archaeological ruins, or Diy-Gid-Biy, spread across seven villages associated with agricultural terraces." – "According to the additional information from February 2025, the DGBs are also associated with agricultural terraces (...)." (Ab Ev)

Connection: Sahel – "(...) the Diy-Gid-Biy Cultural Landscape of the Mandara Mountains provides a unique testimony to cultural and technical knowledge and know-how, combining monumental dry-stone architecture and a socio-political and religious organisation adapted to the challenges of a difficult mountain environment, climate change in the Sudano-Sahel area, and regional insecurity." (Ab Ev)

Connection: Taboo – "The property is also subject to a set of traditional protections and taboos prohibiting access to the Diy-Gid-Biy ruins outside of rituals." (Ab Ev)

Connection: Tombs – "There are also tombs, associated with a specific ceremony that testifies to the attachment of the communities to ancestor worship, which are shaped according to the status of the deceased. The tombs reserved for dignitaries consist of a cylindrical well, closed with a large stone slab and topped by a low tumulus delimited by a stone wall. They are four-sided in shape. "Ordinary" people's tombs are marked with a simple stone slab, or a cylindrical tumulus for men who have been able to sacrifice a bull during their lives." (Ab Ev)

Connection: Tumuli – "The tombs reserved for dignitaries consist of a cylindrical well, closed with a large stone slab and topped by a low tumulus delimited by a stone wall. They are four-sided in shape. "Ordinary" people's tombs are marked with a simple stone slab, or a cylindrical tumulus for men who have been able to sacrifice a bull during their lives." (Ab Ev)

Author Jurre
Partaker
#12 | Posted: 12 Jun 2025 22:27 | Edited by: Jurre 
Xixia Imperial Tombs (China)

Connection: Built in the 11th century – "The Xixia Imperial Tombs are a necropolis of the Xixia Dynasty, (...) formed from the 11th to 13th centuries." (AB ev)

Connection: Earth Architecture – "Rammed earth, mud bricks and wood are the main materials used to construct the buildings of the funerary complex." (AB ev)

Connection: Genghis Khan – "In 1227, after numerous offensives, the Mongol army of Genghis Khan put an end to the Xixia Empire and destroyed its capital. The funerary complex was not spared. (...) Reduced to ruins, the Xixia Imperial Tombs, as well as the Xixia civilisation, would be forgotten for the next 700 years." (AB ev)

Connection: Geomancy – "Criterion (ii) (...) is justified by the State Party on the grounds that the Xixia Imperial Tombs, due to their spatial organisation and their architectural, technical and stylistic arrangements, through the expression of a spirituality that combines Buddhism with Feng Shui traditions, provide evidence of a multicultural civilisation based on agro-pastoralism and trade (...)." – "The archaeological remains preserved attest to an original civilisation whose population was mainly composed of the Tanguts, an initially nomadic people, who, when they settled, developed a specific funerary culture of which Buddhism was an essential part, combined with Confucian practices, the geomantic principles of Feng Shui and surviving ancestral animist beliefs." (AB ev)

Connection: Glazed tiles – "The Xixia stupas (...) are conical in shape, with five to seven storeys narrowing towards the top, and are punctuated by glazed tile roofs, supported by wooden brackets." (AB ev)

Connection: Mausolea – "Comprising nine imperial mausoleums, 271 subordinate tombs, a northern architectural complex and thirty-two flood control works, this necropolis is a unique testimony to the Xixia Dynasty and its imperial lineage (...)." (AB ev)

Connection: Necropolises – "The Xixia Imperial Tombs are a necropolis of the Xixia Dynasty, (...) formed from the 11th to 13th centuries." (AB ev)

Connection: Octagons – "The Xixia stupas are massive buildings, usually octagonal in shape or, more rarely, circular." (AB ev)

Connection: Protective engineering works against flooding – "Comprising nine imperial mausoleums, 271 subordinate tombs, a northern architectural complex and thirty-two flood control works, this necropolis is a unique testimony to the Xixia Dynasty and its imperial lineage (...)." – "An ensemble of flood control works was created alongside the development of the funerary site. Twenty-six dikes and six drainage ditches, with a cumulative length of more than three kilometres and more than two kilometres respectively, were identified on the site." (AB ev)

Connection: Stupa – "The Xixia stupas are massive buildings, usually octagonal in shape or, more rarely, circular. They have a solid internal structure made of rammed earth. They are conical in shape, with five to seven storeys narrowing towards the top, and are punctuated by glazed tile roofs, supported by wooden brackets." (AB ev)

Connection: Tombs – "The subordinate tombs are unevenly distributed around the imperial mausoleums. They are of three kinds: (1) Simple tombs, comprising a long, straight mound covering an access ramp to an underground vault, set in front of the stupa; (2) Tombs with a main enclosure and a gateway on the south side, which also include, in addition to the arrangements of the simple tombs, a sacrificial hall and a central mound; (3) Tombs with main and secondary enclosures, which also include, in addition to the arrangements of the tombs already described, Que towers, stele pavilions and a sacrificial hall." (AB ev)

Connection: Writing systems – "(...) the Tanguts developed a civilisation based on the Chinese imperial model, of which Buddhism was an essential part. This is evidenced by very large, diverse architectural sites, as well as a wealth of objects excavated at the property, including fragments of stelae in Tangut script." (AB ev)

Author Jurre
Partaker
#13 | Posted: 12 Jun 2025 22:30 | Edited by: Jurre 
Diy-Gid-Biy Cultural Landscape of the Mandara Mountains (Cameroon)

Connection: Built in the 12th century – "These dry-stone architectural structures were probably built between the 12th and 17th centuries." (AB Ev)

Author Jurre
Partaker
#14 | Posted: 12 Jun 2025 22:34 
The Megaliths of Carnac and the Shores of Morbihan (France)

Connection: Built in the 5th millennium BC – "(...) this serial property composed of four component parts comprises a high density of megalithic structures that showcase Neolithic monumental architecture erected successively over more than two millennia (from approximately 5000 to 2300 BCE)" (AB Ev)

Author kintante
Partaker
#15 | Posted: 13 Jun 2025 08:11 
What I found for Sardis

Acropolis – About 1km from Sardis. Includes the temple of Artemis.

Dynastic Burial Places – Bin Tepe is the burial place of the Lydian kings

Tumuli – several Tumuli in Bin Tepe, as burial places for the Lydian kings

Ancient Greek colonies – Sardis was conquered from the Persians by Alexander the Great in 334 BCE

Ancient Roman colonies – Sardis was taken over by the Romans from the Greek in 129 BCE

Byzantine Empire and Civilization – Sardis remained in the Byzantine Empire until 1306, when it was handed over to the Ottomans as part of a treaty.

Classical Greece (not sure about this one. It falls into this period, but I already added Greek colonies)

Located in a Former Capital – Sardis was the capital of the Lydian Kingdom

Mongol Invasions – Sardis was destroyed by the Mongols in the 15th century

Ottoman Empire – Sardis was part of the Ottoman Empire between the handover by the Byzantine Empire and its destruction by the Mongols

Mints – Sardis is considered to be the birthplace of modern currency. 650 BCE the Lydians started to mint gold and silver coins.The minting tradition lasted until the reign of Roman emperor Gallenius (253-268).

Alexander the Great – Sardis was conquered by Alexander the Great in 334 BCE

Jewish religion and culture – Sardis had a significant Jewish enclave with a massive Synagogue

Built in the 7th century BC – (up for debate) while there was a settlement as early as 1500 BCE, Sardis became capital of Lydia in the 7th century BC

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